Feedback-dominated Accretion Flows

We present new two-fluid models of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that aim to address the long-standing problem Toomre instability AGN outskirts. In spirit earlier works by Sirko & Goodman and others, we argue is eventually self-regulated via feedback produced fragmentation its aftermath. Unlike past semianalytic models, which (i) adopt local prescriptions connect star formation rates heat feedback, (ii) assume self-regulate a star-forming steady state (with parameter Q=1), find processes are both temporally spatially nonlocal. The accumulation many stellar-mass black holes (BHs) embedded gas displaces radiation, winds supernovae from massive stars as dominant source. nonlocality heating, combination with need for efficiently mix throughout gas, gives rise steady-state solutions can have Q>>1 no ongoing formation. self-consistent much space mass rate. These harbor large populations compact objects may grow factors few over lifetime, including into lower upper gaps. feedback-dominated differ significantly structure commonly used 1D disk has broad implications gravitational-wave-source inside AGNs.